Development of a Green Single Drop Microextraction Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent and HPLC-UV for Trace Residue Analysis of Three Frequent-Used Pesticides

Background: A green sample preparation method named deep eutectic solvent-based single drop microextraction (DES-SDME) was developed and optimized for determining trace metribuzin, dichlorvos, and fenthion.Methods: Two hundred seventy experimental runs were performed, and the optimal values of the five influential factors in the DES-SDME method were determined. The design of the study was based on one factor at a time and the peak area of high-performance liquid chromatography was used as a benchmark for comparing analysis results.Results: After optimizing the effective factors, the linearity range, detection limit and quantification limit of the method were determined by drawing calibration curves for the studied analytes.Conclusion: The results indicated the success of the developed method in obtaining acceptable figures of merit as a green preparation method with accuracy and precision.