Soil-structure interaction of integral abutments

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) are pioneering structures that offer certain advantages over conventional bridges. The main difference is the ability of IABs to eliminate the necessity of utilizing bearings and expansion joints. This results in more economical construction and enhanced structural performance. However, the intricate soil-structure interactions of IABs under the influence of seasonal changes are not yet fully understood. This paper aims to improve the understanding of these innovative structures by utilizing comprehensive numerical models to investigate their geostructural performance under various conditions. The case study selected for this research was the Middlesex bridge in Vermont, USA. A full-scale monitoring program at this bridge measured and recorded the bridge acting pressures, deformations, and internal forces, making it possible to gain insight into the thermal response of such structures. For the numerical research, a comprehensive two-dimensional numerical model, developed by using the PLAXIS software, was verified against the available field measure-ments. Subsequently, parametric studies were conducted to investigate earth pressure and pile bending moment variations influenced by different model conditions. Key model parameters were varied, including the consti-tutive soil model, thermal loading, backfill stiffness, pile size and orientation, and span length. It was found that utilizing a linear constitutive soil model could lead to significant inaccuracies in the results. Increasing the backfill stiffness was seen to increase passive earth pressures and decrease pile bending moments. With smaller pile sections, oriented for weak-axis bending, pile bending moments decreased substantially and lateral earth pressures increased. Because dead load magnitudes were closely linked to span lengths, pile bending moments and backfill pressures increased when fewer and longer bridge spans were used.