Energy Yield Prediction of Bifacial Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaic Modules

Bifacial perovskite (PVK)/crystalline silicon (c-Si) tandem photovoltaic (PV) modules provide an effective strategy to further improve the efficiency and energy yield (EY) of c-Si PV modules. In this work, the energy outputs of bifacial tandem PV modules under outdoor conditions are analyzed by combining optical modeling, one-diode equivalent circuit model, module tilt angle, and meteorological data, and a detailed comparative study with bifacial silicon heterojunction (SHJ) PV modules is also performed. The bifacial PVK/c-Si tandem modules exhibit higher EY in locations with strong direct normal irradiance regardless of the ground type with any albedo, while bifacial SHJ modules exhibit similar or even higher EY than tandem modules in locations with strong diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI) such as Chengdu. Considering factors such as EY and levelized cost of electricity, E-g_PVK in the range of 1.58-1.62 eV is suitable for most application scenarios, while the deployment of bifacial SHJ PV modules is preferred in areas dominated by DHI, as represented by Chengdu. Herein, important implications for policy making in determining the cost-effective type of PV modules are provided to generate renewable electricity.