A Cloud-Fog Enabled and Privacy-Preserving IoT Data Market Platform Based on Blockchain

The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT) is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities, ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity. Among the pivotal applications within the realm of IoT, as a significant example, the Smart Grid (SG) evolves into intricate networks of energy deployment marked by data integration. This evolution concurrently entails data interchange with other IoT entities. However, there are also several challenges including data-sharing overheads and the intricate establishment of trusted centers in the IoT ecosystem. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical secure data-sharing platform empowered by cloud-fog integration. Furthermore, we propose a novel non-interactive zero-knowledge proof-based group authentication and key agreement protocol that supports one-to-many sharing sets of IoT data, especially SG data. The security formal verification tool shows that the proposed scheme can achieve mutual authentication and secure data sharing while protecting the privacy of data providers. Compared with previous IoT data sharing schemes, the proposed scheme has advantages in both computational and transmission efficiency, and has more superiority with the increasing volume of shared data or increasing number of participants.