Vertical ridge augmentation with Ti-reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes or Ti-meshes and collagen membranes: 3-year results of a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate hard and soft tissue parameters around implants placed in augmented posterior mandible, comparing Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membranes with Ti-meshes covered with collagen membranes, after 3 years of follow-up. Materials and MethodsForty eligible patients were randomly assigned to group A (Ti-reinforced d-PTFE membrane) or group B (mesh covered with collagen membrane) for vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) and simultaneous implants. Implants were evaluated using specific peri-implant parameters for bone and soft tissues: probing pocket depth (PPD), modified plaque index (mPI), bleeding on probing (BoP), modified gingival index (mGI), thickness of keratinized tissue (tKT), width of keratinized tissue (wKT), fornix depth (FD), peri-implant bone level (PBL), interproximal bone peaks (IBP), marginal bone loss (MBL), interproximal bone loss (IBL). ResultsA total of 28 patients with 79 implants were evaluated after 3 years of follow-up. The mean value of MBL was 0.70 mm (group A = 0.73 mm; group B = 0.71 mm), while mean IBL was 0.54 mm (group A = 0.64 mm; group B = 0.40 mm). The treatment with meshes resulted not inferior to PTFE and their clinical results appeared similar. A strong correlation between PBL and IBP was confirmed. Both study groups showed an increase of tKT and wKT values. ConclusionIn the posterior mandible, VRA using both techniques provides stable PBLs up to 3 years. A correct soft tissue management and a strict professional oral hygiene protocol play a crucial role on peri-implant health over time.