An integrated Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian development model I: Stages, substages, and mechanisms of change

Young developed a Neo-Piagetian/Neo-Eriksonian 25-step lifespan developmental model that describes, respectively, (sub)stages in cognitive and socioaffective development. The first paper of the two in the series presents and justifies the model, which consists of five stages X five cyclically recurring substages, and over both cognitive and socioaffective development. In his modeling, Young had addressed gaps in prior Neo-Piagetian modeling, and how the gaps were accommodated in his work. The model allows for much individual differences in cognition, as constructed, which had been accentuated further with further additions in the model. Innovatively, here, the Neo-Piagetian cognitive steps are described in terms of positive and negative poles, working from a biopsychosocial model of the influences on cognitive activity. The Neo-Piagetian poles are differentiated according to the concept of psychological reserve, and whether it is depleted negatively or can support directed cognitive activity positively. The present approach emphasizes network theory as a means to test the model empirically, including its concept of neo-stage. This model is consistent with a section of the literature review that emphasizes the importance of grand theories in psychology. That said, the article points out limitations of the model. It concludes with presentation of a cognitive change causal model that includes activation-inhibition coordination.