Recent progress in waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials for infrared detection

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received extensive attention in optoelectronics because of their unique characteristics. However, due to the extremely thin thickness of 2D materials, their optical absorption is limited. In recent years, researchers have used different effects and structures to enhance the optical absorption of 2D materials. The waveguide, as a device to guide and limit light propagation, has been integrated into photodetectors based on 2D materials, most of which have been applied in the infrared spectrum. This article reviews the development of waveguide-integrated photodetectors based on 2D materials, mainly in the infrared spectrum in recent years. Discussions mainly focus on the preparation of materials in waveguide-integrated photodetectors, the design and simulation of waveguide structures, and the summary of research results and applications of waveguide-integrated photodetectors in recent years. Finally, the challenges and prospects of waveguide-integrated photodetectors are put forward and discussed.