TOI-561 b: A Low-density Ultra-short-period "Rocky" Planet around a Metal-poor Star

被引：21

作者：

Brinkman, Casey L. ^{[1
]}

Weiss, Lauren M. ^{[2
]}

Dai, Fei ^{[3
]}

Huber, Daniel ^{[1
]}

Kite, Edwin S. ^{[4
]}

Valencia, Diana ^{[5
,11
]}

Bean, Jacob L. ^{[6
]}

Beard, Corey ^{[7
]}

Behmard, Aida ^{[8
]}

Blunt, Sarah ^{[8
]}

Brady, Madison ^{[6
]}

Fulton, Benjamin ^{[9
]}

Giacalone, Steven ^{[10
]}

Howard, Andrew W. ^{[8
]}

Isaacson, Howard ^{[10
]}

Kasper, David ^{[6
]}

Lubin, Jack ^{[7
]}

MacDougall, Mason

Murphy, Joseph Akana M.

Plotnykov, Mykhaylo ^{[5
,11
]}

Polanski, Alex S.

Rice, Malena

Seifahrt, Andreas ^{[6
]}

Stefansson, Guomundur

Stuermer, Julian

机构：

[1] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[2] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys & Astron, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA

[3] Div Geol & Planetary Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[4] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[5] Univ Toronto, Ctr Planetary Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada

[6] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[7] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[8] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[9] Caltech IPAC, NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst, MC 314-6, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[10] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[11] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2023年 / 165卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

SUPER-EARTH ATMOSPHERES; POWERED MASS-LOSS; RADIUS DISTRIBUTION; KEPLER PLANETS; EXOPLANET; ASTROPY; SYSTEMS; HOT; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; EVAPORATION;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-3881/acad83

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

TOI-561 is a galactic thick-disk star hosting an ultra-short-period (0.45-day-orbit) planet with a radius of 1.37 R (circle plus), making it one of the most metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.41) and oldest (approximate to 10 Gyr) sites where an Earth-sized planet has been found. We present new simultaneous radial velocity (RV) measurements from Gemini-N/MAROON-X and Keck/HIRES, which we combined with literature RVs to derive a mass of M ( b ) = 2.24 +/- 0.20 M (circle plus). We also used two new sectors of TESS photometry to improve the radius determination, finding R ( b ) = 1.37 +/- 0.04 R (circle plus) and confirming that TOI-561 b is one of the lowest-density super-Earths measured to date (rho ( b ) = 4.8 +/- 0.5 g cm(-3)). This density is consistent with an iron-poor rocky composition reflective of the host star's iron and rock-building element abundances; however, it is also consistent with a low-density planet with a volatile envelope. The equilibrium temperature of the planet (similar to 2300 K) suggests that this envelope would likely be composed of high mean molecular weight species, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, or silicate vapor, and is likely not primordial. We also demonstrate that the composition determination is sensitive to the choice of stellar parameters and that further measurements are needed to determine whether TOI-561 b is a bare rocky planet, a rocky planet with an optically thin atmosphere, or a rare example of a nonprimordial envelope on a planet with a radius smaller than 1.5 R (circle plus).

引用

页数：15

共 12 条

[1] CHEOPS and TESS view of the ultra-short-period super-Earth TOI-561 b
Patel, J. A.
Egger, J. A.
Wilson, T. G.
Bourrier, V.
Carone, L.
Beck, M.
Ehrenreich, D.
Sousa, S. G.
Benz, W.
Brandeker, A.
Deline, A.
Alibert, Y.
Lam, K. W. F.
Lendl, M.
Alonso, R.
Anglada, G.
Barczy, T.
Barrado, D.
Barros, S. C. C.
Baumjohann, W.
Beck, T.
Billot, N.
Bonfils, X.
Broeg, C.
Busch, M. -d.
Cabrera, J.
Charnoz, S.
Cameron, A. Collier
Csizmadia, Sz.
Davies, M. B.
Deleuil, M.
Delrez, L.
Demangeon, O. D. S.
Demory, B. -o.
Erikson, A.
Fortier, A.
Fossati, L.
Fridlund, M.
Gandolfi, D.
Gillon, M.
Guedel, M.
Heng, K.
Hoyer, S.
Isaak, K. G.
Kiss, L. L.
Kopp, E.
Laskar, J.
des Etangs, A. Lecavelier
Lovis, C.
Magrin, D.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 679
[2] The TESS-Keck Survey. II. An Ultra-short-period Rocky Planet and Its Siblings Transiting the Galactic Thick-disk Star TOI-561
Weiss, Lauren M.
Dai, Fei
Huber, Daniel
Brewer, John M.
Collins, Karen A.
Ciardi, David R.
Matthews, Elisabeth C.
Ziegler, Carl
Howell, Steve B.
Batalha, Natalie M.
Crossfield, Ian J. M.
Dressing, Courtney
Fulton, Benjamin
Howard, Andrew W.
Isaacson, Howard
Kane, Stephen R.
Petigura, Erik A.
Robertson, Paul
Roy, Arpita
Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
Twicken, Joseph D.
Claytor, Zachary R.
Stassun, Keivan G.
MacDougall, Mason G.
Chontos, Ashley
Giacalone, Steven
Dalba, Paul A.
Mocnik, Teo
Hill, Michelle L.
Beard, Corey
Akana Murphy, Joseph M.
Rosenthal, Lee J.
Behmard, Aida
Van Zandt, Judah
Lubin, Jack
Kosiarek, Molly R.
Lund, Michael B.
Christiansen, Jessie L.
Matson, Rachel A.
Beichman, Charles A.
Schlieder, Joshua E.
Gonzales, Erica J.
Briceno, Cesar
Law, Nicholas
Mann, Andrew W.
Collins, Kevin I.
Evans, Phil
Fukui, Akihiko
Jensen, Eric L. N.
Murgas, Felipe
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2021, 161 (02):
[3] An unusually low density ultra-short period super-Earth and three mini-Neptunes around the old star TOI-561
Lacedelli, G.
Malavolta, L.
Borsato, L.
Piotto, G.
Nardiello, D.
Mortier, A.
Stalport, M.
Cameron, A. Collier
Poretti, E.
Buchhave, L. A.
Lopez-Morales, M.
Nascimbeni, V
Wilson, T. G.
Udry, S.
Latham, D. W.
Bonomo, A. S.
Damasso, M.
Dumusque, X.
Jenkins, J. M.
Lovis, C.
Rice, K.
Sasselov, D.
Winn, J. N.
Andreuzzi, G.
Cosentino, R.
Charbonneau, D.
Di Fabrizio, L.
Fiorenzano, A. F. Martnez
Ghedina, A.
Harutyunyan, A.
Lienhard, F.
Micela, G.
Molinari, E.
Pagano, I
Pepe, F.
Phillips, D. F.
Pinamonti, M.
Ricker, G.
Scandariato, G.
Sozzetti, A.
Watson, C. A.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2021, 501 (03) : 4148 - 4166
[4] HD 20329b: An ultra-short-period planet around a solar-type star found by TESS
Murgas, F.
Nowak, G.
Masseron, T.
Parviainen, H.
Luque, R.
Palle, E.
Korth, J.
Carleo, I
Csizmadia, Sz
Esparza-Borges, E.
Alqasim, A.
Cochran, W. D.
Dai, F.
Deeg, H. J.
Gandolfi, D.
Goffo, E.
Kabath, P.
Lam, K. W. F.
Livingston, J.
Muresan, A.
Osborne, H. L. M.
Persson, C. M.
Serrano, L. M.
Smith, A. M. S.
Van Eylen, V.
Orell-Miquel, J.
Hinkel, N. R.
Galan, D.
Puig-Subira, M.
Stangret, M.
Fukui, A.
Kagetani, T.
Narita, N.
Ciardi, D. R.
Boyle, A. W.
Ziegler, C.
Briceno, C.
Law, N.
Mann, A. W.
Jenkins, J. M.
Latham, D. W.
Quinn, S. N.
Ricker, G.
Seager, S.
Shporer, A.
Ting, E. B.
Vanderspek, R.
Winn, J. N.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 668
[5] WASP-31b: a low-density planet transiting a metal-poor, late-F-type dwarf star
Anderson, D. R.
Cameron, A. Collier
Hellier, C.
Lendl, M.
Lister, T. A.
Maxted, P. F. L.
Queloz, D.
Smalley, B.
Smith, A. M. S.
Triaud, A. H. M. J.
West, R. G.
Brown, D. J. A.
Gillon, M.
Pepe, F.
Pollacco, D.
Segransan, D.
Street, R. A.
Udry, S.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 531
[6] TOI-1634 b: An Ultra-short-period Keystone Planet Sitting inside the M-dwarf Radius Valley
Cloutier, Ryan
Charbonneau, David
Stassun, Keivan G.
Murgas, Felipe
Mortier, Annelies
Massey, Robert
Lissauer, Jack J.
Latham, David W.
Irwin, Jonathan
Haywood, Raphaelle D.
Guerra, Pere
Girardin, Eric
Giacalone, Steven A.
Bosch-Cabot, Pau
Bieryla, Allyson
Winn, Joshua
Watson, Christopher A.
Vanderspek, Roland
Udry, Stephane
Tamura, Motohide
Sozzetti, Alessandro
Shporer, Avi
Segransan, Damien
Seager, Sara
Savel, Arjun B.
Sasselov, Dimitar
Rose, Mark
Ricker, George
Rice, Ken
Quintana, Elisa V.
Quinn, Samuel N.
Piotto, Giampaolo
Phillips, David
Pepe, Francesco
Pedani, Marco
Parviainen, Hannu
Palle, Enric
Narita, Norio
Molinari, Emilio
Micela, Giuseppina
McDermott, Scott
Mayor, Michel
Matson, Rachel A.
Martinez Fiorenzano, Aldo F.
Lovis, Christophe
Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
Kusakabe, Nobuhiko
Jensen, Eric L. N.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Huang, Chelsea X.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2021, 162 (02):
[7] TOI-1442 b and TOI-2445 b: Two potentially rocky ultra-short period planets around M dwarfs
Morello, G.
Parviainen, H.
Murgas, F.
Palle, E.
Oshagh, M.
Fukui, A.
Hirano, T.
Ishikawa, H. T.
Mori, M.
Narita, N.
Collins, K. A.
Barkaoui, K.
Lewin, P.
Cadieux, C.
de Leon, J. P.
Soubkiou, A.
Abreu Garcia, N.
Crouzet, N.
Esparza-Borges, E.
Fernandez Rodriguez, G. E.
Galan, D.
Hori, Y.
Ikoma, M.
Isogai, K.
Kagetani, T.
Kawauchi, K.
Kimura, T.
Kodama, T.
Korth, J.
Kotani, T.
Krishnamurthy, V.
Kurita, S.
Laza-Ramos, A.
Livingston, J. H.
Luque, R.
Madrigal-Aguado, A.
Nishiumi, T.
Orell-Miquel, J.
Puig-Subira, M.
Sanchez-Benavente, M.
Stangret, M.
Tamura, M.
Terada, Y.
Watanabe, N.
Zou, Y.
Benkhaldoun, Z.
Collins, K. I.
Doyon, R.
Garcia, L.
Ghachoui, M.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 673
[8] HAT-P-12b: A LOW-DENSITY SUB-SATURN MASS PLANET TRANSITING A METAL-POOR K DWARF
Hartman, J. D.
Bakos, G. A.
Torres, G.
Kovacs, Geza
Noyes, R. W.
Pal, A.
Latham, D. W.
Sipocz, B.
Fischer, D. A.
Johnson, J. A.
Marcy, G. W.
Butler, R. P.
Howard, A. W.
Esquerdo, G. A.
Sasselov, D. D.
Kovacs, Gabor
Stefanik, R. P.
Fernandez, J. M.
Lazar, J.
Papp, I.
Sari, P.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 706 (01): : 785 - 796
[9] The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXVII. A precise density measurement of the young ultra-short period planet TOI-1807 b
Nardiello, D.
Malavolta, L.
Desidera, S.
Baratella, M.
D'Orazi, V
Messina, S.
Biazzo, K.
Benatti, S.
Damasso, M.
Rajpaul, V. M.
Bonomo, A. S.
Dolcetta, R. Capuzzo
Mallonn, M.
Cale, B.
Plavchan, P.
El Mufti, M.
Bignamini, A.
Borsa, F.
Carleo, I
Claudi, R.
Covino, E.
Lanza, A. F.
Maldonado, J.
Mancini, L.
Micela, G.
Molinari, E.
Pinamonti, M.
Piotto, G.
Poretti, E.
Scandariato, G.
Sozzetti, A.
Andreuzzi, G.
Boschin, W.
Cosentino, R.
Fiorenzano, A. F. M.
Harutyunyan, A.
Knapic, C.
Pedani, M.
Affer, L.
Maggio, A.
Rainer, M.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 664
[10] K2 and Spitzer phase curves of the rocky ultra-short-period planet K2-141 b hint at a tenuous rock vapor atmosphere
Zieba, S.
Zilinskas, M.
Kreidberg, L.
Nguyen, T. G.
Miguel, Y.
Cowan, N. B.
Pierrehumbert, R.
Carone, L.
Dang, L.
Hammond, M.
Louden, T.
Lupu, R.
Malavolta, L.
Stevenson, K. B.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 664

← 1 2 →