Data sharing in Industry 4.0-AutomationML, B2MML and International Data Spaces-based solutions

The concept of a data ecosystem and Industry 4.0 requires high-level vertical and horizontal interconnectivity across the entire value chain. Its successful realization demands standardized data models to ensure transparent, secure and widely integrable data sharing within and between enterprises. This paper provides a PRISMA method-based systematic review about data sharing in Industry 4.0 via AutomationML, B2MML and International Data Spaces-based solutions. The interconnection of these data models and the ISA-95 standard is emphasized. This review describes the major application areas of these standards and their extension as well as supporting technologies and their contribution towards horizontal integration and data ecosystems. This review highlights how much value interconnected, exchanged and shared data gained in recent years. Standardized data sharing mechanisms enable real-time, flexible and transparent communication, which features became top requirements to gain a competitive advantage. However, to foster the shift from within company data communication towards the data ecosystem, IT- and people-oriented cultures must be well-established to ensure data protection and digital trust. We believe that this review of these standardized data exchange and sharing solutions can contribute to the development and design of Industry 4.0-related systems as well as support related scientific research.