Novel performance enhancement of straight blade vertical axis wind turbines through cross-flow fan integration

In this study, a novel technique for enhancing the output power of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) is introduced through the integration of a cross-flow fan (CFF) for active flow control, a first-of-its-kind approach. The CFF, positioned on the airfoil's trailing edge, employs suction to regulate flow separation. A thick airfoil with a 35% thickness-to-chord ratio is utilized to accommodate the CFF. A VAWT, featuring a diameter of 1 m and a height of 0.5 m, is designed, fabricated, and subjected to experimental testing in a wind tunnel. Additionally, a standard NACA 0018 wind turbine with identical dimensions and solidity is manufactured for performance comparison purposes. A custom test rig is developed to measure turbine output, encompassing a fixation mechanism, torque measurement system, and a mechanical brake mechanism for load variation. The impact of the CFF on the wind turbine performance is investigated by measuring turbine static torque due to the fan, fan motor power consumption, turbine torque, and rotational speed across various wind speeds. Power assessments are conducted to estimate the real turbine power increase, taking into account the power consumed by the fans. A fan map is generated to determine the optimal conditions and rotational speeds for fan operation.