Research on Energy Management Strategy for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Based on Bargaining Game

To improve the fuel economy and battery life of extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs), an energy management strategy (EMS) based on the bargaining game (BG) is proposed. This strategy optimizes the overall economy by optimizing power allocation. First, a bargaining model for EREVs is developed. The model considers the auxiliary power unit (APU) and the battery as two parties of the game. The power allocation between the APU and the battery optimizes both the fuel consumption and the battery life. And it also improves the overall benefit of the vehicle. Second, the effect of the discount factor on the control results is analyzed to obtain the best optimization results. Finally, compared to the thermostat strategy and the dynamic programming-based strategy, the proposed BG-based strategy reduces fuel consumption by 27.6% and 1.4% under the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure and reduces the effective ampere-hour fluxes by 62.7% and 14.6%. Under the China Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycle, it reduces fuel consumption by 32.5% and 0.5% and reduces the effective ampere-hour fluxes by 56.8% and 27.5%. The simulation results manifest the excellent performance of the proposed BG-based EMS. The bargaining game is used for the energy management of extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs). The strategy converts the energy allocation problem into a bargaining problem while considering the fuel economy and battery life of EREVs. It has reduced battery life loss while maintaining the dynamic programming algorithm's globally optimal fuel consumption results.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH