Anti-inflammatory activity of Eucheuma denticulatum from Warambadi coast: In-vivo study model of carrageenan-induced paw oedema

Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases have been declared the leading cause of mortality in the world, with more than 50% of deaths associated with inflammatory cases. Based on previous studies, red algae contained antioxidants such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are correlated to their anti-inflammatory activity, including Eucheuma denticulatum. Objective: This study aims to analyse antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activity as well as the phenolic and flavonoid content of red algae E. denticulatum ethyl acetate extract (EDEE). Method: EDEE was macerated in ethyl acetate and the antioxidant activity was performed using the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) DPPH method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed by measuring the percentage of anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mice paw edema. Result: The results showed that the Inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) of EDEE was 1031.5 ppm with a total phenolic and flavonoid content of 81.34 +/- 0.996mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g) and 5.64 +/- 0.12 mg quercetin equivalents (QE/g) extract, respectively. In vivo study showed that EDEE of 20, 50, and 100mg/kg body weight (BW) provided the percentage of anti-inflammatory activity of 53.49%, 86.63%, and 78.49% respectively, which is significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the negative control. Conclusion: EDEE 50mg/kg body weight had the highest anti-inflammatory activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds.