Interface Engineering for 3D Printed Energy Storage Materials and Devices

3D printed energy storage materials and devices (3DP-ESMDs) have become an emerging and cutting-edge research branch in advanced energy fields. To achieve satisfactory electrochemical performance, energy storage interfaces play a decisive role in burgeoning ESMD-based 3D printing. Hence, it is imperative to develop effective interface engineering routes toward desirable 3DP-ESMDs. In this tutorial review, recent advances in interface engineering for 3DP-ESMDs are comprehensively provided and in-depth discussion is offered. To begin with, basic interface engineering principles are introduced. Critical interface engineering strategies including 3D printing-enabled structural design, composition modification, protective layer design, and 3D printed device optimization are then summarized and illustrated, accompanied by a discussion of pioneering work on 3D printed rechargeable batteries and electrochemical capacitors that has been made through significant interface engineering strategies. Finally, perspectives on interface engineering approaches in future 3DP-ESMDs are presented. In this tutorial review, recent advances in interface engineering for 3D printed energy storage materials and devices are comprehensively provided. The application and prospects of interface engineering in batteries and capacitors are also discussed.image