Research on Logistics Service Supply Chain Joint Carbon-emission Reduction Considering Consumers' Low-carbon Preference

This study investigates carbon-emission reduction decision-making for a two-echelon logistics service supply chain (LSSC) with a logistics service integrator (LSI) and a logistics service provider (LSP) considering consumers' low -carbon preferences. Four game models were comprehensively proposed to explore the influence of consumers' low-carbon preferences concerning the optimal solutions and profit of the LSSC. Subsequently, the optimal decisions are derived and numerical examples are drawn. The results show that the power structure significantly influences the level of carbon-emission reduction, outsourcing price, and the profit of LSSC system. Moreover, the profit margin and service price are complex influenced by all the power structure, and the preferences of consumers' low-carbon, and revenue retention. Additionally, we obtained two management insights. First, effective cooperation and appropriate competition can expand market demand, and improve the level of carbon-emission reduction, and maximize the LSSC profit. Second, in case of a Stackelberg game, a dominant power generates more profit.