Metal-organic frameworks for adsorption of fluoride for groundwater treatment

Access to safe drinking water has always been a dire necessity. Its scarcity can jeopardize the entire future of conscious life and wipe out civilizations indeed. Its inadequacy may be catastrophic and wreak destruction to humanity. A comprehensive picture of fluoride havoc encloses people with mottled teeth, crippled bodies, and skeletal deformities. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the burning topic for research in the 21st century in modern sciences. MOFs are the epitomes of the beauty of chemical structures, and their transcending outcomes represent the power of combining the organic and inorganic fields of chemistry. Their employment in alleviating water fluoridation has captivated the interests of a wide range of researchers. The extraordinary surface area, out-shiningly high adsorption capacity, and adjustable features make them stand out from other conventional methods in this realm of research. The influencing factors on its efficiency and optimal conditions have a major hand behind it for being crowned as one of the most desirable adsorbents for defluoridation. It is anticipated that our review can offer necessary information on various MOFs, their unique properties, and their highest fluoride adsorption conditions. Also, an insight into what modifications can enhance its functioning and further outlooks in the following field is provided.