A Cross-sectional Study of Depression among Non-dialysis Stage 3-5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Depression is common among patients undergoing dialysis. However, there is a dearth of data on depression and its predictors among patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study assessed the prevalence of depression and the relationships between depression and sociodemographic and clinical factors among non-dialysis CKD patients. A convenience sample of 88 CKD patients was recruited using a cross-sectional study design. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess the levels of depression among CKD patients, with a cutoff score of >= 11. Data on the sociodemographic factors and clinical factors were also collected. Inferential statistics were used to determine the characteristics of the sample and assess the prevalence and severity of depression. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the characteristics of the sample and depression. The overall mean BDI-II score was 6.23 +/- 6.13. With a cutoff score of >= 11, patients with major depressive episodes constituted 18.2% of the sample. Stages of the disease, comorbidities, and sex were independently associated with a high depression score. The model explained 39% of the variation in the depression score. Depression is common among non-dialysis CKD patients. Screening for depression with brief validated tools should be integrated into routine clinical practice at renal clinics because patients in the advanced stages of CKD and those with multiple comorbidities require close attention. Furthermore, large studies assessing the prevalence and predictors of depression among different stages of CKD are required.