Agent-based simulation and optimization of hybrid flow shop considering multi-skilled workers and fatigue factors

In the past few decades, more and more studies have begun to consider the impact of human factors on manufacturing systems. This paper studies a hybrid flow shop scheduling problem considering multi-skilled workers and fatigue factors. An agent-based simulation system is established to cope with the uncertainties in the worker fatigue model. Furthermore, this paper proposes a novel simulation-based optimization (SBO) framework, which combines genetic algorithm (GA) and reinforcement learning (RL) to address the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem. Numerical experiments are conducted on several instances with different production configurations. In particular, a pharmaceutical production facility is modeled as a hybrid flow shop to demon-strate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SBO method.