Three-dimensional copper current collector as an anode for rechargeable anode-less lithium-ion batteries

The formation of dendrites presents a significant challenge that hampers the performance of lithium metal batteries, leading to rapid capacity degradation, low coulombic efficiency, and potential short circuits. In this regard we have engineered a rechargeable lithium metal battery without a conventional anode - lithium, employing commercially available LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as a cathode and enhanced three-dimensional copper foam current collector as an anode. The modification of the three-dimensional copper foam current collector with gold effectively reduced the local current density while providing a substantial surface area for lithium deposition. Moreover, our approach incorporates a blend of salts, namely lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borat, resulting in an impressive reversible capacity of 100 mAh g-1 with an outstanding coulombic efficiency of 99.9% after 50 cycles. These discoveries hold particular significance in the advancement of next-generation energy storage systems characterized by high energy density and immunity to dendrite formation.