Importance of Pre-Milking Udder Hygiene to Reduce Transfer of Clostridial Spores from Teat Skin to Raw Milk

被引:4
|
作者
Burtscher, Johanna [1 ]
Rudavsky, Tamara [1 ,2 ]
Zitz, Ulrike [1 ]
Neubauer, Viktoria [3 ]
Domig, Konrad J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Food Sci, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
[2] FFoQSI Austrian Competence Ctr Feed & Food Qual, Safety & Innovat, Technopark 1D, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
[3] Univ Vet Med, Inst Food Safety Food Technol & Vet Publ Hlth, Unit Food Microbiol, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
关键词
Clostridium; udder hygiene; teat cleaning; milking hygiene; endospores; cheese quality; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; CONTAMINATION; CHEESE; BACTERIA;
D O I
10.3390/microorganisms11051337
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Butyric acid producing clostridia (BAPC) cause the so-called late-blowing defect, a serious quality problem in semi-hard and hard cheeses. Late-blown cheeses are characterized by undesired slits and cracks, irregular eyes, and off-flavors due to excessive amounts of gas and organic acids produced by clostridia. Clostridial transfer to raw milk can occur during milking through dirty teats. Therefore, teat cleaning before milking is a key factor in preventing clostridial contamination of the milk. However, different cleaning methods are used, and little information is available on the efficacy of routine teat cleaning in reducing clostridial endospores. The main objectives of this study were to assess the extent of udder contamination with BAPC spores and to investigate the efficacy of routine teat cleaning on BAPC spore counts in milk. In a longitudinal study, eight dairy farms were visited during five sampling events. Clostridial spore counts were quantified from teat skin before and after routine teat cleaning, in pooled quarter milk samples from individual cows, and in bulk tank milk samples using a most probable number method. In addition, farm management data were collected periodically through a survey, and average cow cleanliness was assessed by a veterinarian. On average, teat cleaning resulted in a 0.6 log unit reduction in BAPC spores on teat skin, and a strong positive correlation was found between BAPC spore concentrations on teat skin after cleaning and in pooled quarter milk samples. Seasonal variations and the potential influence of differences in farm management were also noted. Interestingly, average cow cleanliness correlated strongly with BAPC spore levels in milk, suggesting the potential for a quick and rough estimation method of clostridial contamination that could be implemented by farmers.
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页数:15
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