Reduced Olfactory Memory Performance Is Associated with Executive Function Deficits in Older Adults

Introduction Previous research has identified an association between olfactory impairment (reduced odor sensitivity/ identification/ discrimination) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The present study focused on the relationship between olfactory memory performance and cognitive/affective functioning. Method Recognition performance for olfactory and visual stimuli (control condition) was tested through a matching task in older adults (n = 44; M-age = 76 years) and younger adults (n = 56; M-age = 24 years). Additionally, negative affect (anxiety, depression) and cognitive functioning were assessed via validated questionnaires and a neuropsychological test battery. Results The older participants performed worse than the younger adults in the olfactory memory task. In older adults, difficulties in remembering odors were associated with reduced odor identification and executive functioning (reduced cognitive flexibility). Affective well-being was not related to olfactory memory performance. Implication Olfactory memory impairment in older adulthood might be a marker for cognitive decline in areas related to executive functions.