Carbon emissions of power transmission and transformation projects in the whole life cycle for smart sustainable energy systems

The study investigates the optimization of life cycle carbon emissions in smart sustainable energy systems through power transformation and transmission project power load predictions. Firstly, a multi-task learning-based short-term user load forecasting technique is developed, where the power load curves of multiple residential customers are grouped and classified using the K-means clustering method. Additionally, the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) technique is introduced to anticipate the power load intelligently. Secondly, a life cycle carbon emission assessment model for the power transmission and transformation project (PTTP) is constructed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, which divides the project's life cycle into four stages: production, installation and construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. Finally, an experimental evaluation of this model is conducted. The results demonstrate that compared with the baseline model Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), this model achieves a significantly lower average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) at 3.62% while achieving significantly higher accuracy in power load forecasting at 94.34%. A comprehensive examination of carbon emissions across all four phases reveals that overall carbon emissions are highest during the operation and maintenance stage followed by the equipment production stage and installation/construction stage, with the lowest overall carbon emissions observed. Hence, this study endeavors to forecast power load demand with precision and identify the principal determinants of carbon emissions in power engineering. By discerning and managing these key factors, an optimal, energy-efficient intelligent power load scheme can be derived.