Social protection and state-citizen relations: A review of the literature

It is frequently assumed that social protection can play a key role in positively transforming state-citizen relations in the global South. We examine the evidence with a focus on recipients and non-recipients, both citizens and non-citizens. Based on a systematic literature review, we identify three levels of analysis: activity, perceptions and expectations. A common thread through these levels is the bifurcated and hierarchical nature of relationships between social protection recipients on the one side and the state and non-recipients on the other. Thus, the cross-section of evidence does not conclusively support the oft-assumed transformative potentials of social protection. Arguably, theoretical frameworks on activities, perceptions and expectations allow us to explore further the differentiated relationships shaped by social protection.