THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENETIC SYSTEM IN SOME FOREST TREE SPECIES

The genetic system represents the genetic pathway of organisms for organizing and transmitting genetic material that determines the balance between coherence, gene recombination, and control over the amount and type of gene combinations. The objective of this paper is to present the main characteristics of the genetic system of several species of forest trees, namely: Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur. The main characteristics of the genetic system taken into account refer to: the mode of reproduction; population dynamics type; chromosomal cycle; recombination index; presence or absence of chromosomal genetic polymorphism, etc. The used methods included searching of the various databases with the latest publications in the field and identification of some relevant results. In the case of forest trees, the genetic systems present a special situation, compared to other higher plants; is about a particular configuration of the systems components. An optimal genetic system of long-lived species, such as forest trees, is characterized by a high recombination index and cross-pollination; however it is possible to change the rate of genetic recombination through selection.