Android-based gymnastics learning media to improve handstand skills in junior high school students

Handstand skills are one of the materials that must be mastered by students through Physical Education (PE) learning. However, the learning media used by the teacher has not been effective in achieving this goal. Therefore, this study aims to develop Android-based gymnastics learning media to improve handstand skills in junior high school students. The design used is Research and Development (R & D) which adopts the Plomp model and pre-experimental to test its effectiveness. A total of 47 junior high school students in Indonesia participated in this study. Then, 9 experts were also involved to assess the feasibility of the product before it was implemented. The procedures in this study consisted of preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. Product effectiveness testing includes pre-test data, use of Android-based learning media, and post-test data. The instrument used was a handstand skills test, and the duration of the treatment was & PLUSMN; 1 month. Validity and reliability data were analysed using the validity coefficient V from Aiken and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), while product effectiveness used a t-test. The results showed that the average validity was 0.87 (high) and the reliability was 0.88 (very high). The results of testing the effectiveness of the product also showed that the Android-based gymnastics learning media was effective for improving handstand skills (p < .05), with an average post-test of 70.93 > pre-test of 63.45 and the difference is 7.48. In conclusion, students in junior high school can develop their handstand skills by using Android-based gymnastics learning media. This research is expected to be able to overcome the limitations in learning, both for PE teachers, junior high school students, and gymnastics practitioners in improving handstand skills.