Non-Uniform-Illumination Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on Retinex Theory

To address the issues of fuzzy scene details, reduced definition, and poor visibility in images captured under non-uniform lighting conditions, this paper presents an algorithm for effectively enhancing such images. Firstly, an adaptive color balance method is employed to address the color differences in low-light images, ensuring a more uniform color distribution and yielding a low-light image with improved color consistency. Subsequently, the image obtained is transformed from the RGB space to the HSV space, wherein the multi-scale Gaussian function is utilized in conjunction with the Retinex theory to accurately extract the lighting components and reflection components. To further enhance the image quality, the lighting components are categorized into high-light areas and low-light areas based on their pixel mean values. The low-light areas undergo improvement through an enhanced adaptive gamma correction algorithm, while the high-light areas are enhanced using the Weber-Fechner law for optimal results. Then, each block area of the image is weighted and fused, leading to its conversion back to the RGB space. And a multi-scale detail enhancement algorithm is utilized to further enhance image details. Through comprehensive experiments comparing various methods based on subjective visual perception and objective quality metrics, the algorithm proposed in this paper convincingly demonstrates its ability to effectively enhance the brightness of non-uniformly illuminated areas. Moreover, the algorithm successfully retains details in high-light regions while minimizing the impact of non-uniform illumination on the overall image quality.