An efficient adaptive routing algorithm for the Co-optimization of fault tolerance and congestion awareness based on 3D NoC

In this paper, we propose an adaptive, fault-tolerant, and congestion-aware (AFTC) routing algorithm. It improves the overall network performance of three-dimensional Network-on-Chip (3D NoC) in terms of deadlockfree, adaptability, fault tolerance, and balanced traffic. Firstly, the algorithm proposed 12 turn models to avoid deadlock problems. Then, the adaptability of the algorithm is improved by using the three-dimensional diagonal region division method. At the same time, the AFTC can reduce the number of turn-around steps during fault tolerance. Finally, the AFTC can balance traffic by setting different congestion thresholds. Compared with Vertical-Mesh-Conscious-Dynamic (VMCD) algorithm in terms of average packet delay and throughput, the AFTC algorithm can improve the throughput by an average of 27.29 % and 18.62 % while reducing the average delay time in different fault rates under uniform traffic and hotspot traffic patterns, respectively.