An empirical investigation on the elimination of heavy metals using bioremediation method for selected plant species

Contamination due to the existence of heavy metals in water and soil poses a significant hazard to the entire world as a result of the growth in industrialization and urbanization. The investigation of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives is prompted by the frequent failure and disruption of conventional restoration techniques. The use of plants specifically in bioremediation has been identified as a promising technique to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater or soil. The method of investigation involves the growing of particular plant species in heavy metal -contaminated soil and water, such as hyperaccumulators, which are recognized for their capacity to accumulate metals. The objective of the study is to evaluate these plants' ability to take in, store, and eliminate heavy metals, which will help clean up contaminated areas. The current study also assess the bioconcentration factor and the potential for heavy metals remediation using four plant species: Prosopis Cineraria, Indian mustard, red cabbage, and sunflower (Helianthus Annuus). The findings of the current study show that red cabbage has the highest bioconcentration factor value is 0.957, which is for arsenic at Ghaziabad location, while the lowest bioconcentration factor value is 0.412, which is for copper at Surajpur Industrial Area location. Present findings confirm the phytoremediation to be a sustainable environmental technique thereby combining the advantages of low-cost nature based and eco-friendly solutions in order to eradicate the heavy metal pollution problem from the environment.