A Comprehensive Review on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Novel Pharmaceutical Aid for Drug Delivery

Complex diseases require safe and effective delivery of drugs at the target site with improved physicochemical properties of drug mainly solubility and permeability. Pharmaceutical scientists have researched a vast number of controlled, targeted, and novel therapies using the concept of matrix release, nanotechnology, or a hybrid system. In recent years scientists and the pharmaceutical industry have shown a growing interest in mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the delivery of drugs. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles offer distinctive properties of pore size, pore volume, surface area, and functionalization. This technology offers high drug loading, magnificent biocompatibility, and surface functionalization to tune for their broad-spectrum applicability. Owing to this, research scientists have found its materiality for targeting drugs in cancer treatment and delivery of nucleic acids. The present review is a comprehensive collection of various aspects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles that includes the properties, types, synthesis, various methods for functionalization, drug loadings methods, and a briefing of their physicochemical evaluation. The review also highlights the application of these nanoparticles in the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this review is to enlighten the features of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their biomedical applications.