A comparative study of mortality differences and associated characteristics among elderly and young adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in India

IntroductionStudies have shown that elderly have been disproportionately impacted by COVID pandemic. They have more comorbidities, lower pulmonary reserve, greater risk of complications, more significant resource utilization, and bias towards receiving lower-quality treatment.ObjectivesThis research aims to determine the characteristics of those who died inhospital due to COVID illness, and to compare these factors between elderly and young adults.MethodsWe conducted a large retrospective study at a government run center in Rishikesh, India, from 1(st) May 2020 till 31(st) May 2021, and divided study population into adults (aged 18 to 60 years) and elderly (aged 60 years). We evaluated and compared our data for presenting symptoms, vitals, risk factors, comorbidities, length of stay, level of care required, and inhospital complications. Long-term mortality was determined using telephonic follow-up six months after discharge.ResultsAnalysis showed that elderly had 2.51 more odds of dying inhospital compared to younger adults with COVID. Presenting symptoms were different for elderly COVID patients. The utilization of ventilatory support was higher for elderly patients. Inhospital complications revealed similar profile of complications, however, kidney injury was much higher in elderly who died, while younger adults had more Acute Respiratory Distress. Regression analysis showed that model containing cough and low oxygen saturation on admission, hypertension, Hospital Acquired Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and shock, predicted inhospital mortality.ConclusionOur Study determined characteristics of inhospital and long-term mortality in elderly COVID patients and compared them from adults, to help better triaging and policy making in future.