Impact of silver contacted graphene oxide as hole transport material on the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cell

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show eminent potential for solar applications owing to its admirable characteristics. But toxicity and stability concerns limit their performance. Scaling these devices into modules is challenging due to their size requirements. To address toxicity and land concerns, researchers explore transparent tin (Sn)-based PSCs. In this study, a numerical simulation model is considered to determine the potential of graphene oxide (GO) as a hole transport material (HTM) with silver (Ag) as a transparent back contact electrode. Benchmarking study of the proposed design extended a high potential with 32.60% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The result elucidates that the solar cell device with GO as HTM and conductive as well as transparent Ag contact enhances the performance of the solar cell device with open circuit voltage (Voc) = 1.167 V, fill factor (FF) = 89.1% and a comparable short circuit current (Jsc) = 32.34 mA/cm2.