The submarine fault scarp of the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake in the Japan Trench

被引:2
|
作者
Ueda, Hayato [1 ]
Kitazato, Hiroshi [2 ]
Jamieson, Alan [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Niigata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, 8050 Ikarashi Ninocho,Nishi Ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
[2] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Danish Ctr Hadal Res Satellite Off, Sch Marine Resources & Environm, 1-205,4-5-7 Konan,Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan
[3] Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Minderoo UWA Deep Sea Res Ctr, M470, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
[4] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, M470, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
来源
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT | 2023年 / 4卷 / 01期
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
SLIP; DISPLACEMENT; RUPTURE; AXIS;
D O I
10.1038/s43247-023-01118-4
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Rupture of the plate boundary fault during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake with moment magnitude 9.0 is thought to have propagated to the trench. Surface exposure of the fault has not yet been confirmed because of great depths that are challenging to access and study. Using a manned submersible in the Japan Trench, we explored and visually assessed the seafloor near the epicenter. On the eastern slope of a thrust ridge 59 m high, which appeared after the earthquake, we found a 26 m high subvertical cliff regarded as the fault scarp. Cross-section analysis suggests an 80-120 m slip on the fault when assumed to dip at 45-30 degrees, to build up the observed relief. The estimated larger displacement in the trench than in more proximal parts can be attributed to local enhancement of the slip by extension of the wedge above a subducting graben on the Pacific plate. A 26 m high cliff is identified as the fault scarp corresponding to the devastating Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki Earthquake and indicates 80-120 m of slip occurred on the shallow-dipping thrust fault, according to manned submersible observations at 7500 m water depth.
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页数:10
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