Phosphate Management for High Soybean and Maize Yields in Expansion Areas of Brazilian Cerrado

The low phosphorus (P) availability is considered one of the most limiting factors for suitable crop production in Brazilian Cerrado areas. We aimed to define the best P fertilizer management for maximum soybean and maize grain yield and minimum soil P adsorption in new agricultural areas. Two experiments were carried out in a Hapludox (pH 5.0) over six years. The first experiment evaluated five P fertilizer management (correction and maintenance): correction and maintenance at furrow; correction incorporated and maintenance at furrow; correction at furrow and maintenance broadcasted; correction and maintenance broadcasted; gradual correction (five years) and maintenance at furrow. The second experiment evaluated doses of P2O5: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 kg ha(-1) year(-1) applied at furrow or broadcasted. The P correction incorporated (0-20 cm) and maintenance at furrow resulted in higher yield and soil labile P. The yield increased up to 250 kg ha(-1) of P2O5, and soil P fractions linearly increased, independent of application mode. Thus, the best P management would be full correction incorporated in bulk soil and maintenance at furrow; initial P correction (up to 250 kg ha(-1) of P2O5) is essential in new Cerrado areas. These results are useful for orientating P management decisions in new sustainable agricultural systems.