Improved Evaluation of Cultivation Performance for Maize Based on Group Decision Method of Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Maize cultivation performance, including the efficiency of the input and output of maize, which reflect the allocation and utilization of resources in the process of maize cultivation, is crucial for evaluating and improving maize cultivation. This paper adopts the method of quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experimental design to explore the effects of four main cultivation measures (planting density, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer) on maize yield at five levels (-2, -1, 0, 1; 2). The CCR (A. Charnes, W. Cooper and E. Rhodes) model, which is the basic model of data envelopment analysis (DEA), was used to evaluate the 36 groups of cultivation measures. The results show that 9 groups are CCR-effective cultivation measures, but the performance of these cultivation measures cannot be further evaluated. To improve the evaluation of cultivation performance, a novel method termed as the group decision method of DEA (GDM-DEA) is proposed to detect the improvement of evaluation performance and is tested using the measurements of maize cultivation. The results suggest that the GDM-DEA method can classify and sort the performance of all the cultivation measures, which is more sensitive and accurate than the CCR method. For the effective cultivation measures that meet the requirements of GDM-DEA, the optimal cultivation measures could be determined according to the ranking of yield. This method determined the most effective cultivation measure. Further independent validation showed that the final optimal cultivation measures fall in the range of the expected cultivation measures. The GDM-DEA model is capable of more effectively evaluating cultivation performance.