Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium for Diabetes Mellitus and Related Complications

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most life-threatening metabolic disorders, with 9% of the global prevalence, and it is estimated to be rising to 12.2% in 2045. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for DM. Although life-saving, insulin administration to control blood sugar is not a cure for DM and is insufficient to prevent DM-related complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, or retinopathy. For this reason, studies are continuing to develop treatments that will provide & beta;-cell regeneration while suppressing autoimmunity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with a high proliferation capacity, immunosuppression, and immunomodulation ability. MSCs have gained therapeutic importance with these properties besides their differentiation ability. The immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties of the cells arise from the soluble and insoluble factors they secrete into the extracellular environment. Therefore, the culture medium where these cells grow has therapeutic value and is named conditioned medium (CM). In this context, CM obtained from MSCs can provide a similar therapeutic effect with fewer safety concerns. Furthermore, preconditioning of MSCs can improve the effectiveness of these cells and associated cellular products. So, this review summarizes the recent advances in MSC-derived CMs and their therapeutic potential for DM and related complications. Diabetes is a growing global problem with no definitive cure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess therapeutic capabilities mainly through the release of soluble and insoluble factors into the extracellular environment. Due to the limited survival of transplanted MSCs, harnessing their secretomes' therapeutic potential becomes inevitable. This summary highlights the therapeutic potential of MSC secretomes in diabetes and associated complications.image