A pilot study on the dual membrane process of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to treat algae-laden raw water compared to O3-BAC

In this study, a dual membrane process (DMP) that combines seven-hole ultrafiltration and nanofiltration was designed and compared to O-3-biological activated carbon (O-3-BAC) for high-quality drinking water production. The pollutant removal, membrane fouling, long-term operational characteristics, and technical economy were systematically investigated using raw water from Tai Lake, which has a high algae content. The results elucidate that the DMP has superb decontamination. This method has much better removal of turbidity, CODMn, UV254, and algae than O-3-BAC. Its removal of ammonia nitrogen and fluorescent substances is slightly lower than that of O-3-BAC, but the effluent still satisfies the drinking water standard. The DMP is also much more capable of dealing with high algae-laden raw water. Compared to O-3-BAC, the cost of the DMP is 46.4% higher per ton without consuming chemicals, so it is more environmentally friendly. In summary, the DMP offers a promising and effective technology to treat high algae-laden water with the advantages of high stability, reliable effluent, and zero emissions.