An observational study on health-related quality of life and persistent symptoms in COVID-19 patients after hospitalization at a tertiary care centre

Aim: The study aims to determine persistent symptoms and effects of COVID-19 infection on the quality of life (QOL) at 1 and 3 months after the acute phase of the disease in mild, moderate and severe cases. Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted among patients with confirmed COVID-19 who had been treated and discharged after hospitalization from February 2021 to June 2021. All patients were interviewed at 1 and 3 months post discharge to assess persisting symptoms and health-related QOL. QOL was assessed using European Quality Of Life 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L) and EuroQol-visual analogue scales (EQ-VAS). Results: In total, 388 out of 479 discharged following COVID-19 infection were included. The median age of patients was 48 years, with 62.6% male predominance. Most of the COVID-19 cases were mild (67.01%). Most common presenting symptom was fever (69.8%). EQ-5D-3L showed that the problems reported at 3-month follow-up were significantly less when compared to 1-month follow-up (p < 0.001), and QOL significantly improved after 3 months in non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients when compared to ICU patients (p = 0.007). The mean EQ-VAS score significantly improved at 3 months when compared to 1 month (80.34 +/- 12.77 vs. 91.69 +/- 12.34; P < 0.001). The severity of illness was correlated with QOL (p < 0.007). Conclusion: The study results demonstrate ongoing improvement in the QOL and persistent symptoms, while a minority still were symptomatic after 3 months post-COVID-19 illness.