Unravelling the Roles of Solvophobic Effects and π⋅⋅⋅π Stacking Interactions in the Formation of [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Building Blocks

被引:8
|
作者
Zhang, Ya-Wen [1 ]
Lu, Ye [2 ,3 ]
Sun, Li-Ying [1 ]
Dutschke, Patrick D. [2 ]
Gan, Ming-Ming [1 ]
Zhang, Le [1 ]
Hepp, Alexander [2 ]
Han, Ying-Feng [1 ]
Hahn, F. Ekkehardt [2 ]
机构
[1] Northwest Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Xian Key Lab Funct Supramol Struct & Mat, Xian 710127, Peoples R China
[2] Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Corrensstr 30, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[3] Shanghai Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Metallamacrocycles; N-Heterocyclic Carbenes; Self-Assembly; Supramolecular Chemistry; 2]Catenanes; BORROMEAN RINGS; SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; COMPLEXES; DICARBENE; STRATEGY; ARCHITECTURES; CONSTRUCTION; CATENANES; TOPOLOGY; CAGES;
D O I
10.1002/anie.202312323
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
A series of [2]catenanes has been prepared from di-NHC building blocks by utilizing solvophobic effects and/or pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking interactions. The dinickel naphthobiscarbene complex syn-[1] and the kinked biphenyl-bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 yield the [2]catenane [2-IL](OTf)4 by self-assembly. Solvophobic effects are pivotal for the formation of the interlocked species. Substitution of the biphenyl-linker in L2 for a pyromellitic diimide group gave ligand L3, which yielded in combination with syn-[1] the [2]catenane [3-IL](OTf)4. This assembly exhibits enhanced stability in diluted solution, aided by additional pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking interactions. The pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking was augmented by the introduction of a pyrene bridge between two NHC donors in ligand L4. Di-NHC precursor H2-L4(PF6)2 reacts with Ag2O to give the [Ag2L42]2 [2]catenane [4-IL](PF6)4, which shows strong pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking interactions between the pyrene groups. This assembly was readily converted into the [Au2L42]2 gold species [5-IL](PF6)4, which exhibits exceptional stability based on the strong pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of the Au-CNHC bonds. Different effects have been shown to control the formation of [2]catenanes with different bridges between pyridine donors. The formation of [2-IL](OTf)4 is aided by solvophobic effects and [3-IL](OTf)4 is stabilized by solvophobic effects and pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking. The pi & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi stacking between the pyrene groups is essential for the formation of [4-IL](PF6)4 and [5-IL](PF6)4, where the enhanced stability of [5-IL](PF6)4 is based on the more stable Au-CNHC bonds.+image
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页数:9
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