The potency of N, N′-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and adipose- derived stem cell co-administration in alleviating hepatorenal dysfunction complications associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats

Background: The increasing occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) noted worldwide has considerably elicited concern in the recent past. DM is associated with elevated vascular complications, morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant therapeutic potentialities in managing and curing type 1 DM owing to their self-renewable, immunosuppressive, and differentiation capacities. We investigated the potential action of N, N '-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), a well-known synthetic antioxidant to enhance the therapeutic ability of the adipose-derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) in alleviating kidney and liver complications in diabetic rats. Methods: Over the four weeks of experiments, albino male rats (n = 36) were split into six test groups: control, DPPD (250 mg/kg, i.p.), STZ-diabetic (D), D+DPPD, D+AD-MSCs (1 x 106 cell/rat, i.v.), and D+AD-MSCs +DPPD treated groups. Results: Significant declines in the renal and hepatic oxidative stress markers (MDA, ROS, and AGEs) were observed coupled with a significant elevation in many antioxidant marker levels (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, HO-1, and TAC) in the diabetic rats treated with either DPPD or AD-MSCs or their co-administered injection compared to the diabetic untreated rats. This was suggested to be the leading cause of amelioration of the kidney functions (as measured by urea, uric acid, and creatine levels) and liver functions (as evidenced by the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, total proteins, albumin, and globulins). Conclusion: DPPD and AD-MSCs co-administration showed superior results in terms of the enhancement of the relative hepato-renal function, indicating the beneficial role of DPPD supplementation in increasing the therapeutic potential of AD-MSCs.