Deep learning-based channel estimation using Gaussian mixture distribution and expectation maximum algorithm

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), it is much challenging to obtain accurate channel state information (CSI) after radio frequency (RF) chain reduction due to the high dimensions. With the fast development of machine learning(ML), it is widely acknowledged that ML is an effective method to deal with channel models which are typically unknown and hard to approximate. In this paper, we use the low complexity vector approximate messaging passing (VAMP) algorithm for channel estimation, combined with a deep learning framework for soft threshold shrinkage function training. Furthermore, in order to improve the estimation accuracy of the algorithm for massive MIMO channels, an optimized threshold function is proposed. This function is based on Gaussian mixture (GM) distribution modeling, and the expectation maximum Algorithm (EM Algorithm) is used to recover the channel information in beamspace. This contraction function and deep neural network are improved on the vector approximate messaging algorithm to form a high-precision channel estimation algorithm. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed network.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.