Review of the Short-Term Properties of Confined Seawater Sea Sand Concrete Columns under Compression

The environmental concerns raised by the over-exploitation of fresh water and river sand have driven researchers to explore seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) as a substitute for conventional concrete in structural columns. With numerous investigations on this in the past, there is a need to systematically classify and comprehensively understand the response of confined SWSSC columns to promote their usage as structural columns. Consequently, the objective of this review is to summarise and analyse the experimental work conducted so far on confined SWSSC under different compressive loadings. Confined SWSSC columns are classified into five confinement schemes based on the cross-section of the specimens: single-skin, single-skin multilayered, single-skin with additional reinforcement, double-skin, and double-tube-confined SWSSC columns. Based on the findings of the reviewed studies, it can be concluded that the compressive strength and the ductility of the SWSSC can be enhanced through confinement, with effectiveness majorly depending on the material and geometrical properties of the confinement providing material. The existing research work on SWSSC confinement lays out a strong base for future investigations in this area, which will eventually facilitate the acceptance of SWSSC as structural columns, especially for coastal and marine infrastructure.