Effects of general change mechanisms on outcome in telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for distressed family caregivers

BackgroundThe study investigated the influence of general change mechanisms (GCMs) on outcome in telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for family caregivers. MethodsIn a stepped-care intervention approach, highly distressed family caregivers received telephone-based CBT after completing a care counseling intervention. Sixty-six therapist-caregiver dyads rated emotional bond, agreement on collaboration, problem actuation, resource activation, clarification of meaning, and mastery after each of 12 therapy sessions. Outcomes were caregiver burden (SCQ-AV) and depression (CES-D) after therapy. Associations of GCMs with outcome were examined in multilevel regression models. ResultsCaregiver burden was significantly predicted by caregiver-rated emotional bond (beta = -0.18) as well as therapist-rated resource activation (beta = -0.26), problem actuation (beta = -0.22), clarification of meaning (beta = -0.18), and mastery (beta = -0.18). None of the GCMs predicted depression from any perspective. ConclusionThe findings suggest that GCMs are relevant for reducing caregiver burden in CBT for family caregivers and should be fostered in treatment manuals, in particular therapist-rated GCMs. Since therapist and caregiver perspectives differed in predicting caregiver burden, future research should investigate perspective congruence and its effect on therapy outcome.