An analysis of Y-chromosome microdeletion in infertile Korean men with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia

Purpose: Infertility affects 10% to 15% of couples, and male factor accounts for 50% of the cases. The relevant male genetic factors, which account for at least 15% of male infertility, include Y-chromosome microdeletions. We investigated clinical data and patterns of Y-chromosome microdeletions in Korean infertile men.Materials and Methods: A total of 919 infertile men whose sperm concentration was <= 5 million/mL in two consecutive analyses were investigated for Y-chromosome microdeletion. Among them, 130 infertile men (14.1%) demonstrated Y-chromosome microdeletions. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed.Results: In 130 men with Y-chromosome microdeletions, 90 (69.2%) had azoospermia and 40 (30.8%) had severe oligozoospermia. The most frequent microdeletions were in the azoospermia factor (AZF) c region (77/130, 59.2%), followed by the AZFb+c (30/130, 23.1%), AZFa (8/130, 6.2%), AZFb (7/130, 5.4%), AZFa+b+c (7/130, 5.4%), and AZFa+c (1/130, 0.7%) regions. In men with oligozoospermia, 37 (92.5%) had AZFc microdeletion. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 30 patients (23.1%). Higher follicle-stimulating hormone level (23.2 +/- 13.5 IU/L vs. 15.1 +/- 9.0 IU/L, p<0.001), higher luteinizing hormone level (9.7 +/- 4.6 IU/L vs. 6.0 +/- 2.2 IU/L, p<0.001), and lower testis volume (10.6 +/- 4.8 mL vs. 13.3 +/- 3.8 mL, p<0.001) were observed in azoospermia patients compared to severe oligozoospermia patients.Conclusions: Y-chromosome microdeletion is a common genetic cause of male infertility. Therefore, Y-chromosome microdeletion test is recommended for the accurate diagnosis of men with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Appropriate genetic counseling is mandatory before the use of assisted reproduction technique in men with Y-chromosome microdeletion.