Conceptual framework for enabling PPP project sustainability: a system thinking and modelling

Enhancing the sustainability of public-private partnerships (PPPs) is pivotal for enabling the sustainable development of infrastructure worldwide. However, there has been inadequate research systematically identifying the underlying dynamics of the project sustainability of PPPs. Drawing upon the system thinking, we develop a conceptual framework by integrating the life-cycle and stakeholder perspectives to fill the above-mentioned void. Based on stakeholders' decision-making and action process, the driving factors have been identified to ensure PPP sustainability and categorized into: (1) public sector's capability; (2) public sector's input; (3) private entity's capability; (4) private entity' input; and (5) partnership. Then, a system dynamics model is constructed to examine the validity of the conceptual framework through the scenario-based analysis. The contribution of this research is threefold: (1) an integrated framework for clarifying the driving mechanisms of PPP sustainability; (2) an extended systematic perspective sustaining the projects; and (3) implications for practising sustainable management and relevant decision-making.