Coalescence plus fragmentation approach for the hadronization mechanism of heavy hadrons from AA to pp collisions

One of the present challenge for the theoretical understanding of heavy-quark hadronization is represented by the description of the measurements of heavy hadron production in pp, pA and AA collisions from RHIC to top LHC energies. The Lambda(c)/D-0 ratio observed in AA collisions has a value of the order of the unity, and experimental measurements in pp collisions at both root s = 5.02 TeV and Ars = 13 TeV have shown ratios for charm baryons Lambda(c), Xi(0)(c) and Omega(0)(c) respect to D-0 meson larger than that measured and expected in e(+) e(-), ep collisions. We present an hadronization mechanism based on the coalescence and fragmentation processes, and the results obtained in AA collisions for D-0 and Lambda(c), related baryon to meson ratios at RHIC and LHC. We present moreover results obtained for the charmed hadron production in pp collisions at LHC energies assuming the formation of an hot QCD matter at finite temperature.We calculate the heavy baryon/meson ratio and the P-T spectra of charmed hadrons D-0, Lambda(+)(c), and the recently measured Xi(c), baryon, finding an enhancement in comparison with the ratio observed for e(+) e(-), ep collisions; with this approach we also predict a significant production of Omega(c).