Magnetic resonance diagnosis of laryngeal chondritis after transoral laser microsurgery for laryngeal cancer

Objective. Laryngeal chondritis (LC) is a rare complication of carbon dioxide transoral la-ser microsurgery (CO2 TOLMS) for laryngeal tumours and can pose a diagnostic challenge. Its magnetic resonance (MR) features have not been previously described. This study aims to characterise a cohort of patients who developed LC after CO2 TOLMS and describe its clinical and MR findings. Methods. Clinical records and MR images of all patients presenting with LC after CO2 TOLMS between 2008 and 2022 were reviewed. Results. Seven patients were analysed. Timing of LC diagnosis ranged from 1 to 8 months after CO2 TOLMS. Four patients were symptomatic. Abnormal endoscopic findings in-cluded suspected tumour recurrence in 4 patients. MR documented focal or extensive signal changes involving the thyroid lamina and para-laryngeal space with T2 hyperintensity, T1 hypointensity and intense contrast enhancement (n = 7), and minimally reduced mean ap-parent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (1.0-1.5 x 10-3 mm2/s) (n = 6). A favourable clini-cal outcome was achieved in all patients. Conclusions. LC after CO2 TOLMS has a distinctive MR pattern. When tumour recurrence cannot be confidently excluded based on imaging, antibiotic therapy, close clinical and radiological follow-up and/or biopsy are recommended.