Towards white revolution 2.0: challenges and opportunities for the industry 4.0 technologies in Indian dairy industry

The world has encountered numerous global crises, including epidemics, military conflicts, and economic collapse. Innovative digital technologies, such as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), can undoubtedly help improve industries' operations during critical times. The dairy industry has seen an increment in technological adoption in the last few years. Adopting cutting-edge technologies is regarded as more feasible as compared to existing practices. The advancements achieved through the white revolution became game changers for the Indian dairy industry, establishing it as a top producer. The key challenges faced by the Indian dairy industry include safety, quality, transparency, and sustainability. The Indian dairy sector needs a revolution to address these challenges, and digital technologies can play a big role. This study critically demonstrates the emergence of technological transformations in the Indian dairy industry. A conceptual framework, White Revolution 2.0, which indicates the digital revolution, is introduced. This proposed framework presents the three dimensions of White Revolution 2.0, i.e., technological dimension, external factors, and applications of I4.0. The proposed framework will significantly improve dairy operations by effectively addressing the identified challenges throughout every aspect of the dairy industry. The findings indicate that adopting the proposed concept can ensure effective supply chain integration and a sustainable future for the dairy industry by integrating all the stakeholders. Practical implementation of this concept includes improvements in food safety, security, and quality sustainably. This study will assist practitioners and researchers in understanding the fundamentals and necessity of the White Revolution 2.0 and can serve as a roadmap for integrated dairy digitalization.