α-Catenin promotes dermal fibroblasts proliferation and migration during wound healing via FAK/YAP activation

Skin wound healing is a complex and organized biological process, and the dermal fibroblasts play a crucial role. alpha-Catenin is known to be involved in regulating various cellular signals, and its role in wound healing remains unclear. Here, we have identified the pivotal role of the alpha-catenin/FAK/YAP signaling axis in the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts, which contributes to the process of skin wound healing. Briefly, when alpha-catenin was knocked down specifically in dermal fibroblasts, the wound healing rate is significantly delayed. Moreover, interfering with alpha-catenin can impede the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the overexpression of alpha-catenin upregulates the nuclear accumulation of YAP and transcription of downstream target genes, resulting in enhanced the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the FAK Tyr397 phosphorylation inhibitor blocked the promoting effects of alpha-catenin on YAP activation. Importantly, the continuous phosphorylation mutation of FAK Tyr397 reversed the retardatory effects of alpha-catenin knockdown on wound healing, by increasing the vitality of fibroblasts. Likewise, alpha-catenin/FAK was validated as a therapeutic target for wound healing in the db/db chronic trauma model. In summary, our findings have revealed a novel mechanism by which alpha-catenin facilitates the function of fibroblasts through the activity of the FAK/YAP signaling axis. These findings define a promising therapeutic strategy for accelerating the wound healing process.