Visual image of the Kingdom of Poland in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries in the Russian press and printed publications

The article deals with illustrations in albums, magazines and other publications of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, depicting the Kingdom of Poland. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the image of the Kingdom of Poland was presented on visual material and comments on it and to determine the characteristic that the Poles and the Kingdom of Poland were endowed with by illustrators and authors of articles. The period of the article is the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th - the time of recognition of the Empire. The chosen period was the heyday of illustrated publications: a large number of illustrated albums, magazines, encyclopedias, including those on ethnographic topics, are published. Popular ethnographic albums containing articles about the Poles are considered: << Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie >> by T. D. Pauli, << Russian peoples: pen and pencil sketches >> by N. Zograf, << Peoples of the Earth >> by A. Ostrogorsky. The magazines << Niva >>, << Picturesque Review >>, << Peoples of Russia >> are involved. Also the article considers the encyclopedia "Picturesque Russia". The scientific novelty of the work lies in the analysis of not only the verbal, but also the visual component of the image of the Kingdom of Poland. As part of the work, each essay and illustration is examined for the transmission of certain stereotypes about the Poles through the attribution of certain qualities to them, the image of the Poles with a set of certain stereotypical attributes, and the stereotype is analyzed in terms of whether it is negative or positive. Not only the content of the publication is analyzed, but also the historical context that accompanied the release of the publication. As a result, it was determined that the illustrations were not free from the transmission of negative stereotypes by the authors. In almost all publications, the Poles were portrayed from a negative point of view, which, according to the author, was caused by the memory of the November, January and Krakow uprisings.