Disaster response: The COVID-19 pandemic and insider trading around the world

This paper investigates how corporate insiders respond to the initial COVID-19 outbreaks. Using comprehensive insider transaction data from 25 countries, we document a consistent pattern of insider selling during the month after the first COVID-19 case is confirmed in a given country. Insider selling during these disease outbreaks is less pronounced in countries with higher infor-mation disclosure requirements, higher public enforcement index, a more efficient judiciary system, and stronger investor protection. Furthermore, cultural differences and the stringency levels of government responses to the COVID-19 outbreaks help moderate insider panic selling when health disasters strike. The findings suggest that a transparent, reliable business system contributes to rebuilding investor trust and corporate resilience during crises.