New strategies of the European Union to tackle the double challenge of the climate crisis and energy dependence

Since the Lisbon Treaty entered into force, the European Union has developed an integrated environment and energy policy that allows it to adopt measures to face the challenges of climate change and security of energy supply. The European Union is currently in the process of meeting its 2030 climate and energy commitments. These targets were initially set in 2014 but since they have been extended several times. The reasons were different: firstly, the irregular rate of compliance with the objectives for 2020; subsequently, the climate neutrality objective proposed in 2018 and the European Green Deal adopted for its achievement and whose development began in 2020; finally, the complicated geopolitical context of 2022. This text analyses and tries to explain this evolution up to the most recent proposals.